Пресс подборщик для сена

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По словам спеца, машинки с фиксированной цепочно-планчатой камерой возникли первыми на рынке. Это, до этого всего, всем известные прессы ПРФ — дешевые и обыкновенные с точки зрения конструкции, а поэтому ремонтопригодные. Но, во-1-х, подчёркивает Владимир Жуков, они не подходят для сенажа лишь для сена и травы , так как при таком строении камеры нереально достигнуть большой плотности прессования.

Последующий по трудности устройства тип камер — фиксированные вальцовые, продолжает Жуков. По периметру таковой камеры размещены массивные вальцы, которые и разрешают достигнуть высочайшей плотности прессования. Потому они отлично подходят для сена и сенажа, ведает он.

Ещё одной разновидностью фиксированных камер являются комбинированные вальцово-планчатые, во фронтальной части которых установлены вальцы, а по задней части — планки. Принцип деяния таковых камер даёт возможность подхватывать и начинать закручивать массу от самого начала её поступления в камеру, позволяя, тем самым, зайти как можно большему её количеству.

Основным преимуществом является универсальность таковых машин, так как они могут работать как с сухими, так и с мокроватыми кормами», — направляет внимание Владимир Жуков. Наиболее технически совершенными он считает пресс-подборщики с переменными камерами. Во-1-х, перечисляет Жуков, они дают сельхозпроизводителю широчайшие способности работать как с сухой, так и с увлажненной массой, то есть идиентично отлично заготавливать как сено, так и сенаж.

Во-2-х, благодаря особенностям конструкции этих машин, рулоны получаются только ровненькие и плотные - осыпание массы при заготовке и хранении будет малое. И, в конце концов, как подчёркивает спец, они разрешают сформировывать рулоны различного поперечника, что может быть комфортно для хозяйств, в которых таковая необходимость обоснована, к примеру, логистикой либо чертами хранения. Ежели в первом варианте прессование идет от самой середины и по мере наполнения происходит постепенное расширение камеры с одновременным прессованием рулонов от 0,80 до 1,80 м поперечником, то во втором случае поначалу масса формируется в рулон поперечником 1,2 м в фиксированной планчатой камере, опосля чего же происходит расширение камеры до данного размера», — объясняет Владимир Жуков.

Также он показывает, что в зависимости от технологичности производства сельхозпроизводитель должен определиться с вариантом упаковки заготовленного корма. Как сказал спец, существует три варианта: обвязка шпагатом, сетью либо упаковка в плёнку.

Обвязка шпагатом, по его словам, — самая обычная система, к плюсам которой можно отнести невысокую стоимость системы и шпагата. А вот обвязка сетью, как направляет внимание управляющий направления кормозаготовительной техники компании « Квернеланд Груп СНГ», — довольно современная разработка фиксирования рулона.

Её плюсами, по утверждению Жукова, является высочайшая производительность, универсальность подступает для всех типов кормов , не плохая защита рулона от погодных причин. До этого всего, по причине высочайшего уровня сохранения в корме питательных веществ.

Не считая того, при таком подходе обеспечивается удобство транспортировки рулонов и минимизация их порчи под действием причин наружной среды», — выделил Владимир Жуков. The end-bales are hand-sealed with strips of cling plastic across the opening.

The airtight seal between each bale permits the row of round bales to ferment as if they were in a silo bag , but they are easier to handle than a silo bag, as they are more robust and compact. The plastic usage is relatively high, and there is no way to reuse the silage-contaminated plastic sheeting, although it can be recycled or used as a fuel source via incineration.

It is then spun about two axes while being wrapped in several layers of cling-wrap plastic film. This covers the ends and sides of the bale in one operation, thus sealing it separately from other bales. The bales are then moved or stacked using a special pincer attachment on the front loader of a tractor, which does not damage the film seal.

They can also be moved using a standard bale spike, but this punctures the airtight seal, and the hole in the film must be repaired after each move. Plastic-wrapped bales must be unwrapped before being fed to livestock to prevent accidental ingestion of the plastic. Like round hay bales, silage bales are usually fed using a ring feeder.

Large rectangular baler[ edit ] Large rectangular baler. In , Hesston introduced the first "large square baler", capable of compacting hay into more easily transported large square bales that could be stacked and tarped in the field to protect them from rain or loaded on trucks or containers for trucking or export. As the pickup revolves just above the ground surface, the tines pick up and feed the hay into the flake forming chamber, where a "flake" of hay is formed before being pushed up into the path of the plunger, which then compresses it with great force to kilonewtons or 45, to , pounds-force, depending on model against the existing bale in the chamber.

In the prairies of Canada, the large rectangular balers are also called "prairie raptors ". Rectangular bale handling and transport[ edit ] Rectangular bales are easier to transport than round bales, since there is little risk of the bale rolling off the back of a flatbed trailer. The rectangular shape also saves space and allows a complete solid slab of hay to be stacked for transport and storage.

Most balers allow adjustment of length and it is common to produce bales of twice the width, allowing stacks with brick-like alternating groups overlapping the row below at right angles, creating a strong structure. They are well-suited for large-scale livestock feedlot operations, where many tons of feed are rationed every hour.

Most often, they are baled small enough that one person can carry or toss them where needed. Due to the huge rectangular shape, large spear forks, or squeeze grips, are mounted to heavy lifting machinery, such as large fork lifts, tractors equipped with front-end loaders , telehandlers , hay squeezes or wheel loaders to lift these bales.

Large rectangular bales in a field, Charente , France. Sizes of stacks of baled hay need to be carefully managed, as the curing process is exothermic and the built up heat around internal bales can reach ignition temperatures in the right weather history and atmospheric conditions. Building a deep stack either too wide, or too high increases the risk of spontaneous ignition. Small rectangular baler[ edit ] Video of baling with a kick baler, and unloading into a barn with a hay elevator see file description for links to larger and higher-quality videos A small square baler International model A type of baler that produces small rectangular often called "square" bales was once the most prevalent form of baler, but is less common today.

It is primarily used on small acreages where large equipment is impractical, and also for the production of hay for small operations, particularly horse owners who may not have access to the specialized feeding machinery used for larger bales. The bales are usually wrapped with two, but sometimes three, or more strands of knotted twine.

The bales are light enough for one person to handle, about 45 to 60 pounds 20 to 27 kg , depending upon the crop and pressure applied can be lbs for a 16"x18" 2-string bale. Many balers have adjustable bale chamber pressure and bale length, so shorter, less-dense bales can be produced for ease of handling.

This material is then packed into the bale chamber, which runs the length of one side of the baler normally the right hand side when viewed from the front in offset balers. Balers like Hesston models use an in-line system where the hay goes straight through from the pickup to the flake chamber to the plunger and bale-forming chamber. A combination plunger and knife move back and forth in the front of this chamber, with the knife closing the door into the bale chamber as it moves backwards.

The plunger and knife are attached to a heavy asymmetrical flywheel to provide extra force as they pack the bales. A measuring device — normally a spiked wheel that is turned by the emerging bales — measures the amount of material that is being compressed and, at the appropriate length it triggers the knotters that wrap the twine around the bale and tie it off. As the next bale is formed the tied one is driven out of the rear of the baling chamber, where it can either drop to the ground, or be sent to a wagon towed behind the baler.

When a wagon is used, the bale may be lifted by hand from the chamber by a worker on the wagon who stacks the bales on the wagon, or the bale may be propelled into the wagon by a mechanism on the baler, commonly either a "thrower" parallel high-speed drive belts which throw the bale into the wagon or a "kicker" mechanical arm which throws the bale into the wagon. In the case of a thrower or kicker, the wagon has high walls on the left, right, and back sides, and a short wall on the front side, to contain the randomly piled bales.

This process continues as long as there is material to be baled, and twine to tie it with. This form of bale is not much used in large-scale commercial agriculture, because of the costs involved in handling many small bales. However, it has some popularity in small-scale, low-mechanization agriculture and horse-keeping. Besides using simpler machinery and being easy to handle, these small bales can also be used for insulation and building materials in straw-bale construction.

Square bales may generally weather better than round bales because a more much dense stack can be put up. Convenience is also a major factor in farmers deciding to continue putting up square bales, as they make feeding and bedding in confined areas stables, barns, etc.

Many of these older balers are still found on farms today,[ when? The automatic-baler for small square bales took on most of its present form in with the first such baler sold as Arthur S. It was manufactured in small numbers until acquired by New Holland Ag. Most of these produced low density bales, however. The first successful pick-up balers were made by the Ann Arbor Company in Despite their head start on the rest of the field, no Ann Arbor balers carried automatic knotters or twisters and Oliver did not produce its own automatic tying baler until Hay presses, wire balers[ edit ] Stationary baler Prior to the hay press was the common name of the stationary baling implement, powered with a tractor or stationary engine using a belt on a belt pulley , with the hay being brought to the baler and fed in by hand.

These often used air-cooled gasoline engines mounted on the baler for power. The biggest change to this type of baler since is being powered by the tractor through its power take-off PTO , instead of by a built-in internal combustion engine. In present-day[ when? Not all stationary wire tying balers used two wires. Most North American manufacturers produced these machines as either regular models or as size options. These machines were hand tying and hand threading machines.

Another team of workers with horses and a flatbed wagon would come by and use a sharp metal hook to grab the bale and throw it up onto the wagon while an assistant stacked the bales, for transport to the barn. A later time-saving innovation was to tow the flatbed wagon directly behind the baler, and the bale would be pushed up a ramp to a waiting attendant on the wagon. The attendant hooks the bale off the ramp and stacks it on the wagon, while waiting for the next bale to be produced.

Eventually, as tractor horsepower increased, the thrower-baler became possible, which eliminated the need for someone to stand on the wagon and pick up the finished bales. The first thrower mechanism used two fast-moving friction belts to grab finished bales and throw them at an angle up in the air onto the bale wagon.

As tractor horsepower further increased, the next innovation of the thrower-baler was the hydraulic tossing baler. This employs a flat pan behind the bale knotter. As bales advance out the back of the baler, they are pushed onto the pan one at a time.

When the bale has moved fully onto the pan, the pan suddenly pops up, pushed by a large hydraulic cylinder , and tosses the bale up into the wagon like a catapult. The pan-thrower method puts much less stress on the bales compared to the belt-thrower. The friction belts of the belt-thrower stress the twine and knots as they grip the bale, and would occasionally cause bales to break apart in the thrower or when the bales landed in the wagon.

Square bale stacker A smaller type of stacker Bales may be picked up from the field and stacked using a self-powered machine called a bale stacker, bale wagon or harobed. There are several designs and sizes. One type picks up square bales, which are dropped by the baler with the strings facing upward. The stacker will drive up to each bale, pick it up and set it on a three-bale-wide table the strings are now facing upwards.

Once three bales are on the table, the table lifts up and back, causing the three bales to face strings to the side again; this happens three more times until there are 16 bales on the main table. This table will lift like the smaller one, and the bales will be up against a vertical table. The machine will hold bales ten tiers ; usually there will be cross-tiers near the center to keep the stack from swaying or collapsing if any weight is applied to the top of the stack. The full load will be transported to a barn; the whole rear of the stacker will tilt upwards until it is vertical.

There will be two pushers that will extend through the machine and hold the bottom of the stack from being pulled out from the stacker while it is driven out of the barn. In Britain if small square bales are still to be used , they are usually collected as they fall out of the baler in a bale sledge dragged behind the baler.

This has four channels, controlled by automatic mechanical balances, catches and springs, which sort each bale into its place in a square eight. When the sledge is full, a catch is tripped automatically, and a door at the rear opens to leave the eight lying neatly together on the ground.

These may be picked up individually and loaded by hand, or they may be picked up all eight together by a bale grab on a tractor, a special front loader consisting of many hydraulically powered downward-pointing curved spikes. The square eight will then be stacked, either on a trailer for transport, or in a roughly cubic field stack eight or ten layers high. This cube may then be transported by a large machine attached to the three-point hitch behind a tractor, which clamps the sides of the cube and lifts it bodily.

Storage methods[ edit ] Before electrification occurred in rural parts of the United States in the s, some small dairy farms would have tractors but not electric power. Often just one neighbor who could afford a tractor would do all the baling for surrounding farmers still using horses.

This track also stuck a few feet out the end of the loft, with a large access door under the track. On the bottom of the pulley system was a bale spear, which is pointed on the end and has retractable retention spikes. A flatbed wagon would pull up next to the barn underneath the end of the track, the spear lowered down to the wagon, and speared into a single bale.

The pulley rope would be used to manually lift the bale up until it could enter the mow through the door, then moved along the track into the barn and finally released for manual stacking in tight rows across the floor of the loft. As the stack filled the loft, the bales would be lifted higher and higher with the pulleys until the hay was stacked all the way up to the peak. When electricity arrived, the bale spear, pulley and track system were replaced by long motorized bale conveyors known as hay elevators.